Two classes of distinction are made in Romans 2: Jews under the Law and Gentiles outside of the Law. Even those outside of the law are held accountable in a number of ways through outward conduct, inward conscience and the testimony of thought and memory. When those outside the Law obey through natural inclination, they will be held accountable to that Law. Outward conduct reveals God's eternal Law written upon man's natural heart, and this will testify in the coming judgment. Conscience brings reproof for sin and will also bear witness against the disobedient. On the Day of Judgment Gentiles will be confronted with their own memories as the secrets of men are revealed. Outside of Christ there is no hope for eternity even in those who do not have the written law.
Those who were under the frequent hearing and preaching of the Law are also held accountable for their obedience unto that Law. The Law of God is not merely aimless principles; it shows the need for transforming and redemption. Our lives are to show forth obedience out of gratitude for redemption not a legalistic effort to please God through keeping the Law. Boasting of cultural adherence to the Law actually brings condemnation by that very Law. High moral standards without sincerity of heart are hypocrisy, and these very standards will testify against the legalistic. Our hope must not be built on outward signs of baptism, catechism, and church membership rather we must know our need and the Christ that can fulfill our need. Salvation is a matter of the heart rather than empty obedience to the Law.
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Nathan Eshelman holds a Master of Divinity degree from Puritan Reformed Theological Seminary in Grand Rapids, MI, as well as a Doctor of Ministry degree from Reformed Presbyterian Theological Seminary in Pittsburgh, PA. He serves as clerk of the Pacific Coast Presbytery (RPCNA),...
